The five-axis CNC machine tool appeared to adapt to the processing of polyhedron and curved parts

The five-axis CNC machine tool appeared to adapt to the processing of polyhedron and curved parts

The five-axis linkage machining center has the characteristics of high efficiency and high precision. The workpiece can be processed into a pentahedron in one clamping. If equipped with a five-axis linkage high-end CNC system, it can also perform high-precision processing of complex spatial surfaces, which is more suitable for the processing of modern molds such as automobile parts and aircraft structural parts. There are two ways of rotating the axis of the vertical five-axis machining center. One is the rotary axis of the workbench. The worktable set on the bed can rotate around the X-axis, which is defined as the A-axis. The general working range of the A-axis is +30 degrees to -120 degrees. There is also a turntable in the middle of the workbench, which rotates around the Z-axis at the position shown in the figure, which is defined as the C-axis. The C-axis rotates 360 degrees. In this way, through the combination of the A-axis and the C-axis, the workpiece fixed on the workbench is generally 0.001 degrees except for the bottom axis and the C-axis, so that the workpiece can be subdivided into arbitrary angles, inclined planes, machined inclined holes, etc. If the A-axis, C-axis and the three linear axes of XYZ are linked, complex spatial surfaces can be processed. Of course, this requires the support of high-end CNC systems, servo systems and software. The advantage of this arrangement is that the structure of the spindle is relatively simple, the rigidity of the spindle is very good, and the manufacturing cost is relatively low. However, the general workbench cannot be designed to be too large, and the load-bearing capacity is also small. Especially when the A-axis rotates 90 degrees or more, a large load-bearing moment will be brought to the workbench when the workpiece is cut. The other relies on the rotation of the vertical spindle head. The front end of the spindle is a rotating head, which can rotate 360 degrees around the Z-axis to become the C-axis. The rotating head also has an A-axis that can rotate around the X-axis, generally up to ±90 degrees or more, to achieve the same functions as above. The advantage of this setup is that the machining of the spindle is very flexible and the workbench can also be designed to be large. The huge fuselage of passenger aircraft and the huge engine casing can be processed on such machining centers. This design also has a big advantage: when we use a spherical milling cutter to process a curved surface, when the tool center line is perpendicular to the processing surface, since the linear speed of the vertex of the spherical milling cutter is zero, the surface quality of the workpiece cut out by the vertex will be It will be very poor. The spindle rotation design is used to rotate the spindle at a certain angle relative to the workpiece, so that the spherical milling cutter avoids vertex cutting and ensures a certain linear speed, which can improve the surface processing quality. This structure is very popular in high-precision surface processing of molds, which is difficult to achieve with rotary machining centers. In order to achieve high-precision rotation, the high-end rotary axis is also equipped with circular scale feedback, and the indexing accuracy is within a few seconds. Of course, the rotation structure of this type of spindle is relatively complex and the manufacturing cost is also high. Therefore, Ganyuan Hardware Company has this advantageous equipment and masters the core technology.

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